Irvine Flock Investigation

Automated license plate reader data and federal access
Last Updated: March 1, 2026

Findings

OC Transparency Portals

Four neighboring cities publish Flock transparency portals showing policies, usage stats, and network sharing data. Irvine has not opted in.

What We Know vs. What We Don't

Nationally confirmed, locally unexamined

Question Status Source
Did CBP have direct access to Flock cameras nationally? YES - 80,000+ cameras per police records; Flock CEO acknowledged federal pilots 404 Media, Flock blog
Did OC Sheriff share Flock data with ICE/CBP? YES - Ran plate searches for ICE and Border Patrol, violating SB 34 CalMatters (Jun 2025)
Did AG Bonta take enforcement action? YES - Sued El Cajon for sharing with agencies in more than two dozen states CalMatters (Oct 2025)
Did ICE open an office in Irvine? YES - 2000 block of Main St, leased Feb 2026 OC Register (Feb 2026)
Was Irvine PD sharing directly with HSI (Homeland Security Investigations)/CBP historically? YES - 2020 Vigilant LEARN report lists DHS (Dept. of Homeland Security)-HSI, CBP-NTC, Border Patrol MuckRock #86954
Does Irvine PD receive HSI hot lists via Flock? YES - "HSI MASTER" on A4 list MuckRock CPRA (Mar 2025)
Are other cities canceling Flock over this? YES - ~30 cities have deactivated or canceled contracts NPR (Feb 2026)
Who queries Irvine's Flock system? UNKNOWN - 350K+ outside queries/month, no agency breakdown Requires CPRA (California Public Records Act) request for Flock Network Audit
Was CBP's 80K-camera pilot active for Irvine? UNKNOWN - Would mean CBP had direct access without any agreement Requires CPRA for National Lookup settings
Did ICE use ALPR to locate Irvine raid targets? UNKNOWN - Operations happened, data use unproven Requires CPRA for search logs + hit reports

Irvine PD's Current ALPR Setup

Flock Safety, ~30 cameras, $2M Real-Time Crime Center, zero public oversight

Flock Safety (Current Vendor)

Confirmed Feb 2025; fully transitioned from Vigilant Solutions. ~30 stationary ALPR cameras, $112,500/yr via BSCC (Board of State and Community Corrections) grant (contract since Oct 2023).

Real-Time Crime Center

$2M facility unveiled Dec 2024 (piloted since Oct 2022). Monitors 1,000+ camera feeds including LPRs, drones. No public policy on data sharing.

Irvine Has No Transparency Portal

Four neighboring OC cities opted into Flock's transparency program. Irvine has not. See the callout above for portal links.

Council Discussion

No city council agenda items discussing ALPR policy or audit results were found in publicly available 2025-2026 meeting records.

Key Statistics

107M plate scans, 350K monthly external queries, 199 users

By the Numbers (MuckRock CPRA, Mar 2025)

107M+ plate scans (Jan 2019 – Feb 2025). 352,289 external queries in January 2025 alone — no agency breakdown. 199 authorized users in Irvine PD.

29,364 ALPR Devices Searched

Irvine PD searched across 1,420 networks representing 29,364 cameras in Feb/May 2025.

Data Pathways

There is no single pipeline. Federal agencies access local ALPR data through at least four documented pathways — hot lists, relay searches, fusion centers, and a National Lookup feature that Flock's CEO acknowledged.

Four Indirect Flock Pathways (Current)

Irvine's Flock lists don't include ICE/CBP directly — but these routes bypass that

Key context: Irvine's A1/A3 sharing lists (316 + 156 agencies) do NOT include ICE, CBP, or HSI. But that doesn't mean federal agencies can't access the data.
Pathway Evidence Why It Matters Source
HSI Hot List "HSI MASTER" on A4 (hot lists received by Irvine) HSI pushes target plates into Irvine's system; cameras auto-alert when detected MuckRock CPRA (Mar 2025)
OCSD Relay CalMatters confirmed OCSD ran plate searches for ICE and Border Patrol Irvine shares data with OCSD (Orange County Sheriff's Dept.); OCSD is a confirmed SB 34 violator CalMatters (Jun 2025)
Fusion Centers NCRIC (Northern CA Regional Intelligence Center) on A1, JRIC (Joint Regional Intelligence Center) on A3 Fusion centers share with federal participants (including DHS) by design MuckRock CPRA (Mar 2025)
Flock National Lookup CBP had access to 80K+ Flock cameras, per police records and Flock CEO statement Paused Aug 2025, but was it active for Irvine before that? Unknown 9News (Aug 2025)

Flock CEO Acknowledged CBP Had Direct Access

80,000+ cameras, undisclosed pilot, paused August 2025

CBP / Federal Agents
Direct access via pilot

searched
80,000+ Flock Cameras
National Lookup feature

includes
Irvine PD?
Unknown if included
Source: CBP had direct access to 80,000+ Flock cameras via an undisclosed pilot program, according to police records (404 Media) and Flock's CEO. Flock paused all federal pilot programs. Mountain View later discovered the "statewide lookup" feature had been active on all of its cameras for 17 months, during which 250+ additional agencies ran ~600,000 searches without data agreements.
9News | MV Voice (Jan 2026) | MV Voice (Feb 2026) | UW Report

OC Sheriff → ICE (Confirmed 2025)

OC Sheriff ran plate searches for ICE and Border Patrol, violating SB 34

OC Sheriff
Flock cameras

searched for
ICE & CBP
Plate searches for ICE/CBP in May 2025
Source: CalMatters (Jun 2025) — Oakland Privacy obtained Flock audit logs showing SB 34 violations. Irvine PD shares data with OCSD, making this a confirmed relay pathway.

Side Door: Local Officers Searching for Feds

4,000+ immigration-related lookups nationally (404 Media investigation)

Why this matters: Side door searches are invisible in network sharing configurations. They only show up in Organization Audit logs — which nobody has requested from Irvine PD.
Federal Agent
ICE / CBP / HSI

asks
Local Officer
runs search using own credentials

relays results
Federal Agent
receives data
Sources:
• 404 Media identified 4,000+ immigration-related ALPR lookups by local officers on behalf of federal agents nationwide
• Warren County (VA) Sheriff's Office confirmed deputies ran searches at ICE's request
• CalMatters documented OCSD officers searching on behalf of CBP/Border Patrol
404 Media | VPM | CalMatters

Historical: Vigilant → Thomson Reuters → ICE

Irvine's legacy system (before Flock) — direct federal sharing confirmed in 2020

Note: Irvine has fully transitioned from Vigilant to Flock (confirmed Feb 2025). This pathway is historical but demonstrates the relationship existed.
Irvine PD ALPRs
Vigilant cameras
Vigilant LEARN
Motorola Solutions
Thomson Reuters CLEAR
7B+ plate records
ICE
9,000+ officers
2020 LEARN Report confirms direct sharing with: DHS-HSI (Newark NJ), CBP-NTC (bidirectional), San Diego Sector Border Patrol (bidirectional), FBI, DEA, ATF
MuckRock #86954 | DHS PIA-039 | ACLU NorCal

Federal Agencies → Irvine (Incoming Data)

Irvine receives hot lists from HSI and data from Border Patrol

Note: This shows Irvine receives data from federal agencies. This could be for any law enforcement purpose (stolen vehicles, amber alerts, etc.), not necessarily immigration enforcement. But it means Irvine's cameras are scanning for federal targets.
HSI MASTER
ICE hot list

sends plates to
Irvine PD Flock
auto-alerts on detection

receives data from
SD Border Patrol
CBP data
Source: MuckRock CPRA (Mar 2025) — A4 tab shows hot list sources; A2 tab shows data sources
What's NOT Proven: Whether Irvine PD's specific Flock data was accessed by ICE/CBP via any of these pathways. That answer is in the Network Audit log — which nobody has requested via CPRA. See the Take Action page for the template.

Timeline

From the CalMatters investigation to ~30 cities canceling Flock contracts: the national ALPR-ICE story unfolded in less than a year.

National Flock-ICE Timeline (2025-2026)

The story broke in June 2025 and accelerated through February 2026

Date Event Source
Jun 2025 CalMatters reveals 10 agencies — including LAPD, OC Sheriff, and SD Sheriff — ran ALPR searches for ICE/CBP, with 100+ violations collectively in one month. OC Sheriff was one of only two agencies that searched for Border Patrol. CalMatters
Aug 2025 Police records show CBP had direct access to 80,000+ Flock cameras via undisclosed pilot. Flock CEO acknowledges federal pilots after initially denying them. Flock pauses all federal programs. 9News
Sep 2025 SFPD's Flock database had 1.6M+ illegal out-of-state searches, including 19+ marked as ICE-related. SF Standard
Oct 2025 AG Bonta sues El Cajon for sharing ALPR data with agencies in more than two dozen states. CalMatters
Oct 2025 UW Center for Human Rights documents Flock's "National Lookup" feature in Washington state. UW Report
Oct 2025 SB 274 (ALPR reform bill) vetoed by Newsom. CalMatters
Nov 2025 Capitola PD admits ICE accessed their plate data ("a mistake"). Oakland PD sued for sharing Flock data with feds. Santa Cruz Local, Oaklandside
Nov 2025 EFF investigation reveals Irvine PD searched 1,420 networks / 29,364 cameras using search term "roma". EFF
Feb 2026 ICE opens offices in Irvine (2000 block of Main St) and Santa Ana. 3 women detained at Irvine business near Bake Pkwy & Toledo Way. OC Register, City of Irvine
Feb 2026 Mountain View disables all 30 Flock cameras after discovering unauthorized ATF/Air Force access via national lookup. MV Voice
Feb 2026 ~30 cities have deactivated or canceled Flock contracts nationwide. Amazon Ring cancels planned Flock integration. NPR, CNBC

ICE/CBP Operations in Irvine (2025-2026)

5+ operations, 9+ detained, plus new ICE office

Date Agency Location Outcome Source
June 12, 2025 ICE Several locations citywide City notified by ICE in advance City of Irvine
June 29, 2025 Border Patrol Car wash 5 people detained City of Irvine
July 19, 2025 Border Patrol Main & Executive Circle 1 person detained City of Irvine
July 21, 2025 Border Patrol Irvine Spectrum Center 2 people detained City of Irvine
August 23, 2025 ICE Quail Ridge & E. Knollcrest 1 person detained City of Irvine
Feb 2026 ICE 2000 block of Main St (new office) ICE leases permanent office space in Irvine OC Register
Feb 2026 ICE Business near Bake Pkwy & Toledo Way 3 women detained City of Irvine

Source Documents

Every claim in this investigation links to a primary source: FOIA releases, government contracts, official city statements, or investigative journalism.

FOIA/CPRA Releases

Public records requests from MuckRock and ACLU

MuckRock: Irvine ALPR Audits (March 2025)

KEY SOURCE: Excel file shows "HSI MASTER" in hot list sources, "SAN DIEGO SECTOR BORDER PATROL" in data sources, 107M+ scans, 350K+ monthly external accesses, 199 users.

MuckRock: Irvine Vigilant Data Sharing (2020)

KEY SOURCE: 17-page LEARN report showing Irvine directly shared with DHS-HSI, CBP-NTC, Border Patrol, FBI, DEA, ATF.

MuckRock: Irvine ALPR Stats (2023)

Shows Irvine used Vigilant through 2022 with 504,494 detections that year.

ACLU v. ICE FOIA Case

1,800+ pages released 2018-2019. Names Thomson Reuters and Vigilant Solutions. Details $6.1M contract. 9,000+ ICE officers with CLEAR accounts.

Riverside County SO: Hot List Export

Example Flock hot list export (CPRA C001586). 3,753 entries, XLSX format. Fields: Timestamp, User, Event Type, Entity Type, Entity Details.

Government Documents

DHS assessments, contracts, official statements

DHS Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA-039)

Official government document confirming ICE procured LPR database access in December 2017.

USAspending.gov Contract Data

Federal spending showing $54M+ from ICE to Thomson Reuters Special Services.

City of Irvine: Immigration Enforcement Updates

Official city timeline of ICE/CBP operations in Irvine throughout 2025-2026.

Flock Safety ALPR User Guide

28-page official document (2020) covering basic camera setup and plate search. Does not cover the Insights/Audit features added later.

Flock "Policy Pulse" Blog Post

Oct 30, 2025 post confirming Organization Audit and Network Audit exports, mandatory Offense Type (NIBRS) field, and agency control over transparency portal search data.

Investigative Journalism & Research

CalMatters, EFF, NPR, UW Center for Human Rights, and more

CalMatters: CA Police Sharing with ICE (Jun 2025)

KEY: 10 agencies (9 in SoCal) collectively violated SB 34 100+ times in one month. OC Sheriff was one of only two that searched for Border Patrol.

9News: Flock CEO Admits CBP Access (Aug 2025)

KEY: Police records show CBP had direct access to 80,000+ cameras via undisclosed pilot. Flock CEO acknowledged federal pilots. All federal pilots paused.

SF Standard: SFPD 1.6M Illegal Searches (Sep 2025)

SFPD's Flock database had 1.6M+ illegal out-of-state searches, including 19+ marked as ICE-related.

CalMatters: AG Bonta Sues El Cajon (Oct 2025)

First enforcement action: El Cajon shared ALPR data with agencies in more than two dozen states.

UW Center for Human Rights: Flock National Lookup (Oct 2025)

Documents National Lookup feature in Washington state. 10+ agencies accessed without sharing agreements.

CalMatters: SB 274 Vetoed by Newsom (Oct 2025)

ALPR reform bill vetoed. No new legislative protections forthcoming.

EFF: Racist Policing in Flock Logs (Nov 2025)

Documents Irvine PD running 8 searches across 1,420 networks (29,364 cameras) in Feb/May 2025.

Santa Cruz Local: Capitola ICE Access (Nov 2025)

Capitola PD admits ICE accessed their plate data, calls it "a mistake."

OC Register: ICE Opens Irvine Office (Feb 2026)

ICE leases office space at 2000 block of Main St, Irvine and in Santa Ana.

MV Voice: Mountain View Disables Flock (Jan-Feb 2026)

Discovered unauthorized ATF/Air Force access via national lookup. 250+ additional agencies ran ~600K searches via statewide lookup without agreements.

NPR: ~30 Cities Cancel Flock (Feb 2026)

Nationwide wave of Flock contract cancellations over immigration surveillance concerns. Amazon Ring cancels planned Flock integration.

Privacy International: Thomson Reuters Letter

2018 letter citing "7 billion license plate detections" in CLEAR. $20M+ federal contract.

AFSC Investigate: Thomson Reuters

Documents Thomson Reuters' $161M+ in DHS contracts. Confirms Vigilant data partnership.

404 Media: ICE Taps Nationwide Camera Network

4,000+ immigration-related ALPR lookups by local officers on behalf of federal agents nationwide.

Company Information

Vigilant, Thomson Reuters, Flock Safety

Company Current Status Role in Data Chain
Flock Safety ~30 cities canceled as of Feb 2026; CEO acknowledged CBP pilot; Ring canceled planned integration Irvine PD's current ALPR vendor; operates separate sharing network with National Lookup feature (paused Aug 2025)
Vigilant Solutions Now a subsidiary of Motorola Solutions Irvine PD's former vendor (through ~2022); operates LEARN database and NVLS (National Vehicle Location Service) national pool
Thomson Reuters Parent company of West Publishing Corp Operates CLEAR platform with 7B+ plate records; $54M+ in ICE contracts
West Publishing Corporation Thomson Reuters subsidiary Direct contract holder for ICE CLEAR access

Take Action

File a CPRA (California Public Records Act) request for Irvine PD's Flock ALPR (Automated License Plate Reader) audit logs. This template has been verified against Flock's own documentation, uses correct legal citations, and is structured to be hard to deny.

CPRA Request Template

7-section request covering all Flock audit exports — copy, customize, and send

Legal basis: California Public Records Act (Gov. Code Section 7920 et seq.) + SB 34 (Civil Code Section 1798.90.5 et seq.). SB 34 requires ALPR operators to maintain usage and access logs; the CPRA provides the legal mechanism to obtain them. AG Bonta's October 2025 lawsuit against El Cajon establishes that violations are being enforced.

Submit via: IPD Public Records Request Form (SeamlessDocs)

Email: [email protected] | Address: 1 Civic Center Plaza, Irvine, CA 92606 | Phone: (949) 724-7062

Or file via MuckRock for public tracking

Subject: California Public Records Act Request -- Flock Safety ALPR Audit Logs

Dear Irvine Police Department Public Safety Records,

Pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Gov. Code Section 7920 et seq.) and SB 34 (Civil Code Section 1798.90.5 et seq.), I request copies of the following records from the Irvine Police Department's Flock Safety ALPR system for the period [START DATE] through [END DATE]:

1. ORGANIZATION AUDIT (Insights tab)

The exportable log found under Insights > Organization Audit in the Flock web portal (also accessible via analytics.flocksafety.com). This report documents every search, alert review, and plate lookup performed by IPD users. Per Flock's "Policy Pulse" blog post (Oct 30, 2025), Offense Type (NIBRS category), Search Reason, and Case Number are included in Organization Audits. Fields: ID, Name, Org Name, License Plate, Reason, Case #, Filters, Search Time, Search Type.

2. NETWORK AUDIT (Insights tab)

The exportable log found under Insights > Network Audit in the Flock web portal (also accessible via analytics.flocksafety.com). This report documents every cross-agency or network-level query. Per Aurora PD's production (MuckRock #203951), the export contains these fields: ID, Name, Org Name, Total Networks Searched, Total Devices Searched, Time Frame, License Plate, Reason, Case #, Filters, Search Time, Search Type, Text Prompt, Moderation.

3. HOT LIST ACTION LOG

The exportable log of all create, update, and delete actions performed on IPD's hot lists (alert lists) within the Flock system. Based on Flock's standard export format (see Riverside County SO example: https://cdn.muckrock.com/foia_files/2025/08/23/CPRA_C001586_Hotlist.xlsx), fields include: Timestamp, User, Event Type, Entity Type, Entity Details (hotlist name, license plate, state, reason, case number, expiry date).

4. EXTERNAL HOT LIST CONFIGURATION

Records showing which external hot lists (e.g., NCIC, state stolen vehicle files, or lists shared by other agencies) are enabled in IPD's Flock configuration, including the source, list name, and activation date.

5. NETWORK SHARE SETTINGS

Records showing IPD's current and historical network-sharing configuration -- which other Flock-equipped agencies IPD shares camera data with or receives data from, including the agency name, direction of share (inbound/outbound/bidirectional), and effective dates.

6. NATIONAL LOOKUP / STATEWIDE SEARCH SETTINGS

Records showing whether IPD has enabled or previously enabled the National Lookup or Statewide Search features in Flock, including activation and deactivation dates. (Note: Flock paused the National Lookup pilot program in August 2025, but historical activation records remain in the system.)

7. VIGILANT / MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS ALPR STATUS

Records showing the current status of IPD's use of Vigilant Solutions (now Motorola Solutions) ALPR systems:
- Whether IPD currently maintains an active Vigilant/LEARN account
- Whether IPD's ALPR data is currently shared through Vigilant's National Vehicle Location Service (NVLS)
- The date IPD transitioned from Vigilant to Flock Safety, and whether the Vigilant account was formally deactivated
- Any agreements or configuration records related to the transition

(Note: IPD's March 2020 Vigilant LEARN Agency Data Sharing Report, obtained via MuckRock FOIA #86954, confirms IPD was actively sharing detection data with DHS-HSI, CBP-NTC, and San Diego Sector Border Patrol through the Vigilant system as of that date.)

---

FORMAT: I request all responsive records in machine-readable format (CSV or XLSX), as the Flock web portal natively supports these export formats. PDF printouts of tabular data are not an adequate substitute.

REDACTION OFFER: Should IPD determine that specific license plate numbers qualify for exemption under Gov. Code Section 7923.600, I request that the Department redact only the plate values and produce the remaining audit fields (user name, search time, reason, case number, filters, search type, network counts). Civil Code Section 1798.90.52 requires ALPR operators to maintain usage and access logs, and the CPRA independently requires their production.

PRECEDENT: Aurora Police Department (IL) (MuckRock #203951, 18 XLSX files) and Spokane County (WA) (2M+ records via RANGE Media) have produced these exact exports.

I ask that you respond within the time period required by Gov. Code Section 7922.535. If any portion of this request is unclear, please contact me for clarification rather than treating the request as deficient.

Thank you for your time.

Sincerely,
[YOUR NAME]
[YOUR EMAIL]
[YOUR PHONE (optional)]

Why This Is Hard to Dodge

5 common objections and why they won't work

Objection Why It Fails
"We don't have that record." The request names Flock's own features (Organization Audit, Network Audit) and the exact menu path (Insights tab, per Flock's Oct 2025 "Policy Pulse" blog post). Any Flock admin can export these in minutes.
"It's an investigatory record." The request pre-offers license plate redaction, removing the only exempt field. The remaining fields (who searched, when, why) are administrative audit metadata. SB 34 (Civil Code Section 1798.90.52) requires agencies to maintain these logs.
"Producing it would be burdensome." The request asks for native CSV/XLSX exports that the Flock portal generates with a single button click. No compilation or manual assembly required.
"No other agency has done this." Aurora PD (IL) produced 18 XLSX files. Spokane County produced 2M+ records. Riverside County SO produced a hot list export. We link to the example file on MuckRock.
"National Lookup doesn't exist." The request acknowledges the August 2025 pause, signaling the requester already knows the feature's history. Mountain View discovered the statewide lookup feature was active on all of its cameras for 17 months.

If Denied or Partially Denied

4-step escalation process

Step Action Legal Basis
1 Demand a written justification identifying the specific exemption Gov. Code Section 7922.540
2 Challenge overbroad redaction — audit metadata is not investigatory; SB 34 requires log maintenance; redact plates only and release the rest Civil Code 1798.90.52, Gov. Code 7922.525
3 Cite precedent — Aurora PD (IL) and Spokane County produced these exact exports without claiming exemption MuckRock #203951, RANGE Media
4 Escalate: file complaint with City Clerk, petition OC Superior Court, or use MuckRock's appeal workflow Gov. Code Section 7923.000

Timeline Expectations

10-day initial response, ~29 days realistic

Milestone Timeframe
Initial determination 10 calendar days from receipt (Gov. Code Section 7922.535(a))
Extension (if claimed) Up to 14 additional days for "unusual circumstances" (Gov. Code Section 7922.535(b))
Realistic production ~29 days based on prior CPRA requests to IPD (Joey Scott's Feb-Mar 2025 request)
If no response by day 10 Send a follow-up citing the statutory deadline

What the Gaps Are

What this CPRA would answer

Gap Why It Matters Which Section Answers It
Who queries Irvine's Flock system? 350K+ outside queries/month, no agency breakdown Section 2: Network Audit
How many hits came from HSI's hot list? 31,278 total hits (MuckRock CPRA), no source breakdown Section 3: Hot List Action Log
Was CBP's 80K-camera pilot active for Irvine? Would mean CBP had direct access without any sharing agreement Section 6: National Lookup settings
Does Irvine still use Vigilant? If so, NVLS data sharing may continue automatically Section 7: Vigilant status

Use MuckRock Instead

Free service that files, tracks, and publishes requests for you

MuckRock.com is a free service that files, tracks, and publishes public records requests. Recommended if you anticipate resistance or want the request on the public record.

Why use MuckRock?

They track deadlines, send reminders, and make your request public so others benefit from the response. They also handle appeals.

Existing Irvine Requests

See what's already been filed and what responses came back.

Legal Context

California laws and enforcement actions

SB 34 (Civil Code 1798.90.5 et seq.)

Requires ALPR operators to maintain usage and access audit logs. Restricts sharing for immigration enforcement. The CPRA provides the mechanism to request these logs.

California Values Act (SB 54)

Prohibits local law enforcement from sharing personal information for immigration enforcement.

AG Bonta Enforcement (Oct 2025)

Sued El Cajon for sharing ALPR data with agencies in more than two dozen states. First enforcement action establishes that SB 34 violations have consequences.

SB 274 Vetoed (Oct 2025)

ALPR reform bill vetoed by Newsom, meaning SB 34 remains the primary legal framework with no additional protections forthcoming.